Access to the internet as a 4th generation of human rights: A critical analysis with special reference to children's education during the covid-19 pandemic

Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha, Mallick, Nasreen and Bandopadhyay, Rathin (2025) Access to the internet as a 4th generation of human rights: A critical analysis with special reference to children's education during the covid-19 pandemic. In: COVID-19 and Public Policy. Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. 213-228.

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted education systems worldwide, forcing schools and universities to close their doors and shift to remote learning. However, the transition to online education has exposed a deep digital divide, leaving vulnerable students at a disadvantage due to limited or no access to the Internet. Internet access during the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a critical necessity, transcending traditional notions of human rights. The concept of the fourth generation of human rights recognises that access to the Internet is not just a privilege but an essential right that enables individuals to exercise their other rights effectively. Governments, policymakers, and international organisations must prioritise bridging the digital divide to ensure equitable access to the internet for all students, especially the vulnerable ones. Initiatives such as providing subsidised internet services, distributing devices, and establishing community-based internet centres can help overcome these challenges. Public-private partnerships and collaborations between governments, civil society, and technology companies can play a crucial role in expanding internet infrastructure and affordability. By recognising internet access as a vital component of the fourth generation of human rights, societies can foster inclusivity and bridge the educational gap exacerbated by the pandemic. Efforts should focus not only on immediate solutions but also on long-term strategies to address systemic inequalities in internet access. Empowering vulnerable students with internet connectivity is pivotal for their educational success, personal development, and future opportunities.

Item Type: Book Section
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic | Internet access | Vulnerable students | Fourth generation of human rights | Online education | Educational inequalities
Subjects: Social Sciences and humanities > Social Sciences > Education Research
Social Sciences and humanities > Social Sciences > Social Sciences (General)
JGU School/Centre: Jindal Global Law School
Depositing User: Dharmveer Modi
Date Deposited: 20 Jan 2025 05:02
Last Modified: 20 Jan 2025 05:02
Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1572-832320240000033014
URI: https://pure.jgu.edu.in/id/eprint/9023

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