This paper aims to study the perceived key drivers and perceived key barriers of adopting and using Koha integrated library system in academic libraries in India. A survey was conducted among the library and information science professionals of India to know the key drivers and barriers of adopting Koha in academic libraries. Based on the literature review and survey, the authors discuss the motivation and barriers to adopting Koha in the library. The study’s findings reveal that lower total cost of ownership, avoidance of vendor lock-in, modification of code and customization, and an in-house employee with expertise in Koha are the perceived key drivers of adopting Koha in libraries in India. On the other hand, poor quality of documentation of Koha, less user-friendly Koha, few features/functionality of Koha, and poor level of IT knowledge are the key barriers of adopting Koha in libraries.