Bridging the Climate Gap : multimodel framework with explainable decision-making for IOD and ENSO forecasting

Tiwari, Harshit, Kumar, Prashant, Prasad, Ramakant, Saha, Kamlesh Kumar, Singh, Anurag, Cherifi, Hocine and -, Rajni (2024) Bridging the Climate Gap : multimodel framework with explainable decision-making for IOD and ENSO forecasting. IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, 06. pp. 661-675. ISSN 2691-4581

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Abstract

Accurate forecasting of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (NINO3.4) is crucial for understanding regional weather patterns in the Indian subcontinent. Addressing the challenges associated with IOD and NINO3.4 prediction, a robust multitask autoregressive deep learning (DL) model is introduced for precise forecasting of these indices and key grid projections sea surface temperature (SST), surface-level pressure gradient (SLG), and horizontal wind velocity (U-Comp) over a short to mid-term window (20 months). Utilizing spatiotemporal (SST, SLG, U-Comp) and temporal (IOD and NINO3.4) modalities, the proposed model predicts future IOD and NINO3.4, as well as SST, SLG, and U-Comp, in an autoregressive scheme. The multitask learning component regularizes the model, effectively capturing the evolving dynamics of global patterns conditioned on IOD and NINO3.4. The comprehensive evaluation explores various task settings, including a duo-setting that predicts IOD or NINO3.4 with spatiotemporal information, showcasing notable proficiency. In a multitask environment, where both temporal IOD, NINO3.4, and spatiotemporal SST, SLG, U-Comp are predicted, the model successfully forecasts IOD and NINO3.4 indices alongside grid projections with modest accuracy in root mean square error (RMSE). To enhance the model's interpretability regarding spatiotemporal dynamics, a tailored version of Grad-CAM is employed, providing critical insights for climate prediction. This research advances climate prediction models, offering a comprehensive framework with significant implications for informed decision-making in the Indian subcontinent's climatic context.

Item Type: Article
Keywords: Meteorology | Predictive models | Forecasting | Indexes | Spatiotemporal phenomena | Atmospheric modeling | Multitasking | Accuracy | Prediction algorithms | Indian Ocean
Subjects: Physical, Life and Health Sciences > Physics and Astronomy
Physical, Life and Health Sciences > Computer Science
Physical, Life and Health Sciences > Earth and Planetary Sciences
JGU School/Centre: Jindal Global Business School
Depositing User: Mr. Gautam Kumar
Date Deposited: 01 Oct 2025 16:31
Last Modified: 01 Oct 2025 16:31
Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAI.2024.3489535
URI: https://pure.jgu.edu.in/id/eprint/10180

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