This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal frameworks governing reproductive rights and policies, covering their historical evolution, international and regional contexts and national implementations. It examines key international treaties including CEDAW, ICESCR and the Sustainable Development Goals, and their influence on global reproductive health policies. It also explores regional legal frameworks in Europe, Africa and the Americas, and their impact on national laws. A comparative analysis of national approaches highlights variations in legal traditions and effectiveness in safeguarding reproductive rights. The chapter also addresses key issues in reproductive health like contraception, maternal health, abortion laws and assisted reproductive technologies (ART), assessing legal status, barriers and successful interventions. The chapter underscores the critical role of legal frameworks in ensuring access to reproductive health services and protecting individual rights.