In recent decades, wetlands have played a significant role in the global carbon cycle, making it essential to quantify their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at regional, national, and international levels. This study examines three dammed water bodies (Dalpatsagar, Gangamunda, and Dudhawa lake–wetland complexes) in Chhattisgarh, India, to estimate their GHG emission potentials. Methane (CH4) showed the highest emission rate, peaking at 167.24 mg m⁻2 h⁻1 at 29.4 °C in Dalpatsagar during the standard meteorological week of 21–27 May. As temperatures rose from 17 °C to 18 °C, CH4 emissions ranged from 125–130 mg m⁻2 h⁻1. Despite slightly higher temperatures, Dudhawa showed lower emissions, likely due to its larger surface area and shallower depth. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Gangamunda increased sharply from 124.25 to 144.84 mg m⁻2 h⁻1 as temperatures rose from 12 °C to 25 °C, while Dudhawa recorded a peak CO2 emission of 113.72 mg m⁻2 h⁻1 in April. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions peaked at 29.11 mg m⁻2 h⁻1 during the 8th meteorological week, with an average of approximately 10.0 mg m⁻2 h⁻1. These findings indicate that climate-induced changes in water quality may increase health risks. This study offers critical insights to inform policies and conservation strategies aimed at mitigating emissions and enhancing the carbon sequestration potential of wetlands.