The COVID-19 pandemic, started in late 2019, rapidly expanded into a global crisis, showing the critical importance of an effective vaccine supply chain. This unique situation prompted governments, pharmaceutical companies, and research institutions to came together for a historic effort, leading to the development and approval of vaccines within a year. The pandemic highlighted the issues of traditional vaccine supply chains, particularly in ensuring efficient and equitable distribution across developed and developing countries. It also highlighted areas of vulnerability in supply chain structures globally including storage, transport and production structures. As a result, the crisis boosted the use of modern digital technologies such as AI and Blockchain, which were instrumental in predicting the demand for vaccines and maintaining the security of records. Ahead, innovations such as the metaverse, augmented reality, and digital twins provide the prospect for redefining even further the distribution of vaccines, collaboration, learning, and even supply chain management.