Aligned with the objectives of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) and 5 (Gender Equality), there is an expanding global emphasis on championing optimal menstrual health. Recognized not only as a public health priority but also as a fundamental human rights matter, achieving quality menstrual health is essential to realizing the broader aims set by the SDGs. Despite this, many low- and middle-income countries continue to primarily subsidize disposable sanitary pads. While intended to support women, this approach inadvertently impedes SDG progress by contributing to environmental waste and excluding numerous marginalized women who cannot afford these pads, thereby exacerbating gender inequities. In light of the pivotal role of sustainability in the SDGs, particularly concerning SDGs 3 and 5, it is paramount to identify solutions that address menstrual health needs while also curtailing environmental impact. One such promising solution are reusable menstrual products, notably menstrual cups. However, their adoption in several low- and middle-income nations, including India, faces obstacles rooted in deep-seated taboos and misconceptions about menstruation and reproductive health, especially since these products necessitate vaginal insertion. This study utilizes comprehensive data from the National Family Health Survey, India’s counterpart to the Demographic Health Survey, spanning 2019-2021. Through this analysis, we aim to shed light on menstrual cup adoption patterns and the socio-demographic dynamics influencing their use. We conclude by outlining policy implications and suggesting routes to bolster menstrual cup adoption in low- and middle-income contexts, advancing the principles of SDGs 3 and 5.