Kumar, Amit, Dhiman, Soniya, Kumar, Rupesh and Gupta, Himanshu
(2025)
Recovery of germanium from waste optical fibres using phosphonium ionic liquid.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 505: 145466.
ISSN 0959-6526
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Abstract
The study presents an environmentally sustainable and methodical approach for germanium (Ge) reclamation from waste optical fibres. Cyphos IL 104 (diluted in toluene) was employed for the first time to facilitate Ge retrieval from these fibres. Leaching was conducted using 7 mol/L HCl, resulting in a leach liquor composition (mg/L) comprising Ge-112, Fe-389, Ca-88, Mg-155, and Si-87, sourced from the waste optical fibres. The determination of theoretical stages requisite to complete Ge extraction as well as subsequent stripping was validated through the construction of McCabe-Thiele plots. Counter-current assessments were also undertaken to validate the findings. The McCabe-Thiele diagrams indicated that Ge extraction achieved completeness at an A/O ratio of 3/1, requiring 2 extraction stages. Sodium hydroxide served as the stripping solution for Ge, showcasing quantitative stripping (at O/A = 2/1) necessitating 3 counter-current stripping stages for >99 % Ge recovery with high purity. Subsequently, germanium oxide (GeO2) was synthesized from the strip solution. The synthesized GeO2 underwent characterization via X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The outcomes establish the suitability of developed methodology for environmental, economic, and industrial benefits, showcasing its potential for broader applications in sustainable resource management.
Item Type: | Article |
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Keywords: | Ge recovery | Cyphos IL 104 z | McCabe-thiele plots | Waste optical fibres | Recycling |
Subjects: | Physical, Life and Health Sciences > Chemistry Physical, Life and Health Sciences > Environmental Science, Policy and Law Social Sciences and humanities > Social Sciences > Social Sciences (General) |
JGU School/Centre: | Jindal Global Business School |
Depositing User: | Dharmveer Modi |
Date Deposited: | 14 Apr 2025 13:19 |
Last Modified: | 14 Apr 2025 13:19 |
Official URL: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145466 |
URI: | https://pure.jgu.edu.in/id/eprint/9374 |
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