Transgender persons are exposed to chronic health problems, often resulting in increased risk of mental illness, substance abuse, physical violence and sexual violence, coupled with specific challenges and inequalities in accessing healthcare. Such disparities are further exacerbated by COVID-19, especially in countries where transgender persons are still fighting for recognition of legal identity, protection, and equitable treatment. The chapter analyses the interconnection of a transgender person’s right to health with their legal gender identity in India under the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019. The legislation relies on biological parameters to determine the transgender identity of a person, violating their right to bodily autonomy, self-identification and self-determination. The chapter argues that laws and policies protecting transgender persons should be non-discriminatory, reaffirming the community’s faith in accessing healthcare in an inclusive and culturally competent manner by critically addressing their concerns regarding self-determination.