When Prime Minister Narendra Modi attends the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia, he will outline India’s vision to an expanded organisation at a new crossroad. Will Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) prioritise growth in emerging economies and support the Global South’s quest for reforms in global governance; or will it be mired in contestation between the West and Russia-China; or could some countries seek a dominant position, undermining BRICS’ consensus-based strength? India’s role will be crucial as BRICS navigates uncharted waters.