This chapter explores the intersection of climate change and global inequality, highlighting how climate impacts exacerbate existing disparities and challenge social justice. By examining case studies from Bangladesh, Puerto Rico, the Sahel region, and Pacific Island nations, it reveals the disproportionate effects of climate change on vulnerable populations. The analysis underscores the urgent need for integrated climate justice frameworks, community-based adaptation strategies, and sustainable development initiatives. Key global responses, including the Paris Agreement and international migration compacts, are assessed for their effectiveness in addressing these challenges. Future directions emphasize enhancing international cooperation, leveraging technological innovations, and improving monitoring and accountability. The chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how climate change intensifies inequality and offers actionable insights for building a more equitable and resilient future.