This chapter reflects on the debates about the inclusion of inequality as a separate Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10, and discusses the various targets adopted to reduce inequality globally, and proposes how to achieve those targets. The adoption of SDG 10 was a complex and challenging process, preceded by a significant debate with arguments both in favor and against. The debate on inequality was put in the agenda of the World Economic Forum at Davos in 2014, and some significant academic writings on inequality described it as a systemic and overpowering world phenomenon. During the discussions on the post-2015 Development Agenda, criticisms pointed to a lacuna and lack of accountability mechanisms and defective concepts of inequality. The global inequality has increased in nearly all regions at different speeds and this highlights the important roles that national policies and institutions play in shaping inequality.