Several investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) cases demonstrate that the goal of investment protection and the state’s right to adopt environment-related regulatory measures might come face to face. Given this global backdrop, this chapter studies India’s bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and investment chapters in free trade agreements to find out whether they contain provisions that allow the host state to adopt measures for the protection of the environment. Most BITs signed by India during the period 1994 to 2010 contained very few provisions for the protection of the environment. India’s new treaty practice heralded by the adoption of the Model BIT in 2016 has changed this pattern.