Microplastic and nano-plastic pollution poses a significant global challenge. This chapter examines the sources, pathways, and impacts of these contaminants. It explores existing policies, regulations, and treatment technologies while highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach. Prevention strategies, including design modifications, consumer education, and waste management improvements, are emphasized. Building trust and cooperation among stakeholders is crucial for effective governance and implementation. Continued research, focusing on nano-plastics, human health, and environmental impacts, is essential. By combining policy, technology, and stakeholder engagement, it is possible to mitigate microplastic and nano-plastic pollution and protect ecosystems.