The dissemination of miniaturized plastics, both micro- and nano-plastics, athwart diverse ecosystems is an argument of global apprehension. The accretion of these plastics is due to their chemical steadiness. In arrears to their trivial size, frequently identification of miniaturized plastics is very problematic. The foremost approaches for identification of micro- and-nano plastics rely upon their visual inspection through microscopy and chemical analysis. The advent of high-throughput computing has eased the detection of miniaturized plastic pollution. Machine learning and computer vision methods are being readily applied for analyzing microscopy images to identify and classify microplastics. Molecular simulation methods are also being applied for studying the interaction between environment and microplastics. Additionally, remote sensing methods have also been used to collect and analyze suspected locations of microplastic pollution.