The West Bengal Land Reforms Act of 1955 aimed to redistribute land to marginalized cultivators, disrupting colonial-era inequities. Through policy theories like Punctuated Equilibrium and Social Construction of Target Population, its impact and challenges are examined in this article. However, discrepancies between policy intent and implementation persist, necessitating refinements. Group Theory advocates for equitable stakeholder engagement and adjustments to safeguard small-scale cultivators' livelihoods. While the Act has reduced rural landlessness, operational shortcomings require attention for its transformative potential to be fully realized, ensuring equitable land access and economic security for West Bengal's marginalized communities.