Interest in applying Industry 4.0 technologies in supply chain operations has increased significantly due to the urgent need to combat climate change and achieve net-zero emissions. This study aims to thoroughly comprehend how Industry 4.0 technologies affect the efficiency of net-zero supply chains. To do so, the study systematically reviews the existing research using 68 academic papers that are thematically analysed and classified by potentials associated with Industry 4.0 in the context of net zero supply chain performance. The findings of this systematic literature review highlight the multifaceted role of Industry 4.0 technologies in achieving net-zero supply chain performance. However, the study also identifies challenges related to policy, technology, economy, and markets to harness these technologies effectively. A conceptual framework is proposed to help organizations strategically leverage Industry 4.0 technologies for sustainable supply chain performance. By identifying knowledge gaps, the review provides a roadmap for future research to explore the complex dynamics at the intersection of Industry 4.0 and sustainability. Practically, the study offers valuable insights for supply chain managers and policymakers on the opportunities and challenges associated with adopting Industry 4.0 technologies for sustainable practices. With the goal of achieving net-zero supply chain performance, this paper emphasizes the importance of a holistic, integrated approach to technology adoption and sustainability strategies