Despite access to abundant natural resources, land and water; Africa continues to lag behind in terms of agricultural production, productivity and distribution. This has made it one of the most food insecure regions in the world. By sharing its development experience, India can help transform the agricultural landscape in Africa. Agriculture has become a key area of India-Africa partnership. The Lines of Credit (LoCs) issued by the Exim Bank of India have become a pillar of support for increased India-Africa partnership in agriculture and allied sectors. Between 2004-2017, Indian LoCs have helped build infrastructure, develop capacity, and increase agricultural output in 29 African countries. There is also mixed evidence on Indian LoCs contribution to improved access to food by local populations. Yet, there are challenges in disbursement in both India and Africa’s end. These challenges have widened the gap between India’s commitment and actual pay-out of LoCs, thus posing a barrier to the full realization of mutual gains. At a time when India-Africa’s engagements are scaling new heights, this paper examines the challenges posed to Indian LoCs and their anticipated implications on the future of India-Africa partnership in the agricultural sector.