Mann, Deepika (2022) Gender equality and women empowerment: A comparative study of Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka based on women representation and participation in politics. Doctoral thesis, O.P Jindal Global University, Haryana,India.
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Abstract
Gender Inequality (GI) or patriarchy is both ideological and structural. That is, ideological means the beliefs, norms, along with values regarding the status and roles of women in society. Structural refers to women’s access to as well as positions within social institutions. In the academic arena, the research of women’s socio-economic as well as political liberation is an important theme with incessant feminists’ notions in the modern globe. Women’s liberation is determined by gender disparities that evolved by means of the socialization process, internalizing social norms, cultural values, along with expectations of concentrating the Asian patriarchal society, namely India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. So, women were discriminated against from high positions in society, Political Leadership (PL), Decision Making (DM), together with economic top management in the conventional society. Nevertheless, a few educated women began to deal with women’s problems as well as created a discourse concerning women’s freedom in modern society by propagating feminist notions along with modifications that happened in Sri Lanka subsequent to the independence of the country. A theme of Human Rights (HR), inclusive growth, as well as Sustainable Development (SD) is women’s full and efficient Political Participation (PP). At all levels of DM and political involvement, the women’s active participation on equal status with men is necessary for the accomplishment of equality, SD, peace, and democracy, along with the inclusion of their viewpoints and experiences into the DM processes. Empowerment of females permits them to transfer their own life, compose their agenda as well as organize and demand the support of the state and community for the transition. It can be noticed that a women's role is undividable from development same in several cultures, yet it sometimes doesn’t emphasize a similar position that matters for males. As a result, it is assumed that females need more help for their immense position in DM along with social development. Individual empowerment is focused on by the rhetoric of female empowerment, thereby, ignoring the problem of women in power. The women’s representation amongst heads of state as well as members of Parliament remains less when analogized to their population share even though they have experienced noteworthy gains in literacy and Educational Attainment (EA). In spite of a nation’s level of Economic Development (ED) along with a near-universal accord iv on women’s political rights, the lack of female leadership is common in countries around the globe. For controlling women in these three countries, an increase in the utilization of religion as a political tool contributes to an increase in GI. Household and politics are the immediate authoritative patriarchal domains that constantly talk about “protecting” women by ignoring their voices and requirements. Thus, this probably creates a loss of agency amongst women. Scrutinizing the problem of GI from an International viewpoint is the major objective of this research. By considering the parameters, namely Gender-related Development Index (GDI), Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), GI in education, GI in economic activity, and Women PP (WPP), a comparative study of the Gender disparity amongst South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries (India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka) has been conducted. The secondary study is done, and in diverse regions, the ways are examined in the results. The outcomes exhibit that organized collective participation of women was more efficient only in social welfare, livelihood, together with social security than WPP. The lowlevel of PP by women is attributable to economic, religious, as well as political factors, as per the research. On the whole, it is discovered that women have a deficiency of space for PP even though they are curious about participating in local governance. In brief, a provisional outlook of what can be perceived as notions of empowerment in the WPP context has been made.
Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
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Subjects: | Social Sciences and humanities > Social Sciences > Social Sciences (General) |
JGU School/Centre: | Jindal School of International Affairs |
Depositing User: | Amees Mohammad |
Date Deposited: | 10 Aug 2023 05:10 |
Last Modified: | 10 Aug 2023 05:10 |
URI: | https://pure.jgu.edu.in/id/eprint/6487 |
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