This thesis argues that long and extensive interactions between backpackers and local people in foreign countries may represent a specific type of public diplomacy. The thesis coins a new term, "Backpacking Diplomacy," to describe the myriad interactions between backpackers and local people where the two sides create images and impressions of their respective societies. Through an analysis of the themes of these interactions within the conceptual framework of public diplomacy, this thesis argues that these interactions are a new form of people-to-people diplomacy. Backpackers are usually young travelers who spend months and sometimes years in a foreign county, trying to learn and absorb local culture and customs, religion, behavior, lifestyles, spirituality, food etc. Usually, they travel to inexpensive but attractive destinations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The thesis presents and analyzes a case study of backpacking diplomacy: the social interactions between young post military service Israeli backpackers and the village people of north India’s mountain region in Himachal Pradesh. Every year approximately 30,000-50,000 Israelis travel to India, most spend time in Himachal Pradesh. The thesis is based on hundred interviews with Israeli backpackers in the region as well in Israel, leaders of local Israeli and Jewish organizations, local Indian people, owners of local businesses, diplomats, (Israeli people in Israel, academics) etc. In addition, observational data were gathered. The major themes that emerged from the data strongly reflect, and support the case for, coined a new term of public diplomacy. The field research reveals the motivations of Israeli backpackers to visit and stay in Himachal Pradesh, the types of mutual interactions, learnings, and experiences they have with the local villagers, and the effects of these on the images and perceptions of each other. Overall, both sides adopt positive feelings and appreciation for their respective countries. The Israeli backpacking diplomacy has contributed to create favourable public opinion in India and Israel toward each other's nations, which is essential for supportive official policy.