Federalism is a political doctrine, like liberalism and socialism, whereas 'federation' is a term used to describe a government structure. Federations are a subspecies of 'federative systems', which refers to the genus as a whole. It is vital to understand 'federalism' as a concept in order to compare federations like Canada and India. Since their inception, Canada and India have evolved into full-fledged federations. They are not founded on the idea of federalism. We call this political system 'federalism', and it is an interconnected set of ideas of government that differs greatly from Canada's and India's parliamentary traditions, which were passed down from the UK to both countries. They will have to re-evaluate their legislative past and evolve their own federalism concept if these two countries want to go beyond treating federation as a distribution of power. Federalism as a concept and its evolving manifestations in India are the focus of this article. This article will also emphasise the importance of cooperative and collaborative federalism in achieving the constitutional goal.