The relationship between Transformational Leadership (TL) and organizational performance (OP) has been studied in various contexts. Leaders' involvement in Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) activities is more likely to influence organizational performance. However, how CSR affects the relationship between TL and OP remains under-researched, especially in emerging markets. The purpose of this Study is to investigate the relationship between TL and OP in the context of the Indian pharmaceutical industry. Further, it investigates how the CSR activities mediate the relationship between TL and OP A structured questionnaire was administered online to collect the responses from 300 managers. The data was analysed using PLS-SEM. The results identified the positive impact of TL on CSR and CSR on OP This Study unveiled the mediation of CSR between TL and OP relationship. These findings highlight TL, OP, and CSR as essential parts of an organization.