The Jadhav Case (India v. Pakistan) concerned the conviction and sentencing to death of Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav, who had been captured and detained by Pakistan on allegations of terrorism and espionage and sentenced to death by a Pakistani military court, without any consular access. This was the fourth case to be put before the International Court of Justice (hereinafter the ICJ) concerning the interpretation of Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (hereinafter VCCR).