How does the historical legacy of agriculture affect democratic traditions in contemporary societies? This paper provides empirical evidence that inherent crop yield and democracy exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship. This finding is supported by cross-country data from up to 147 countries, 186 pre-colonial societies, and the U.S. states. The relationship thus exhibits a highly per- sistent pattern. Crop yield is measured by ki- localories per hectare per year under rain-fed conditions, which has the advantage of being highly exogenous. The hump-shaped relation- ship holds up to a battery of robustness tests.