In this chapter, the author looks at the challenges to the IoT system due to standard essential patents (SEPs) by looking at guidelines issued by regulators across the world to enable policymakers and judiciaries to deal with critical issues raised in cases involving SEPs. SEPs present a unique challenge as they require balancing the principles of intellectual property law and competition policy. The author analyses four critical challenges raised in disputes involving SEPs by looking at policy guidelines and arrives at the best practices drawn from these guidelines so that they may be used as guideposts for policymakers and regulators to resolve the increasing number of disputes involving SEPs. Finally, the author identifies some key challenges and systemic issues that are yet to be addressed – issues at the centre of some of the most significant disputes involving SEPs today.