In response to rampant corruption in the implementation of social welfare schemes, national security concerns and lack of a universal identification of its residents, the Government of the Union of India, has come up with “Aadhaar” project, to provide a unique identification number to all the Indian residents. The unique identification number will serve as an acceptable proof of identification for all the purposes in the public sphere and in several private spheres. The “Aadhaar” project uses three forms of biometrics (fingerprints, Iris scan and face picture) to produce a randomized 12-digit number unique to every resident. Similar projects have been rejected in other developed democracies such as United States, United Kingdom due to technological limitations and civil liberties concerns, making Aadhaar’s implementation, a big challenge for India. In this paper, the author discusses the security and privacy concerns, with respect to use of biometrics data, which can arise during implementation of the project, specific to the Indian context, where no explicit “Right to Privacy” is provided in the Indian Constitution. The paper takes into consideration several unique features of the Indian demographic such as high population, agrarian labor force, corruption, poverty, history etc. that can have significant effect on the project. The Author concludes by providing several measures, using the past experience of other countries with similar projects, which can be taken to mitigate the risks involved and to ensure the project’s success.