One of the principal consequences of China’s rapid, export-led industrialisation has been its emergence as the world’s largest carbon emitter since 2008-09. In keeping with the size of its population and economy it is also the world’s biggest energy producer. It accounts for half of the world’s coal usage
each year. In 2017, China surpassed the US to become the world’s largest net oil importer. Its megacities in the north, including Beijing, experience severe smog each winter and China’s water challenge is marked by severe shortages and pollution. The pollution challenge in the country is largely linked to
transportation, the energy mix, and emissions standard improvement and implementation in the large industries. The environmental experience appears to have entered a loop pattern -- recurring each year with a new case in a new place with similar story of good laws and lax compliance. Environmental damages and the government’s action has become an issue of public accountability and governance in China. Over the past few years China has achieved significant landmarks in its environmental journey. An important element of this new strategy is the expansion of renewable energy in the country’s overall basket. This paper looks at China’s environmental and energy strategies under Xi Jinping administration.