This chapter explores the state negligence before and after natural disasters that effectively violates human rights in addition to jeopardizing human security. Human rights is an old concept based on the acceptance that all people are born free and equal, and that their freedoms need to be protected. The failure to implement human rights through state mechanisms demonstrated the limits of the human rights approach and it is one of the factors leading to the emergence of human security. Human rights violations are always perpetrated by states. Violations of human rights, if not remedied, could certainly create human insecurity. Natural disasters and actions both before and after they occur, have become crucial tests for state responsibility. States can no longer hide behind the wrath of nature as the only cause of human suffering in natural disasters. Human vulnerability in a time of natural disasters can be caused by both immediate pre-disaster negligence, or by long-term poor governance.