There is a widely considered view that trade in energy and energy products is not adequately governed by the multilateral trade rules administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). This view is reinforced by the fact the traditional market access restrictions are less of a problem in the energy sector as countries tend to focus on retaining control and sovereignty over energy resources. A mapping of linkages between the WTO rules and trade in the energy sector has highlighted the inadequacy of international trade rules in a number of areas such as export duties and export restrictions, energy transit, renewable energy sector, government support including dual pricing policies, classification of energy services, and lack of flexibility in differentiating goods based on carbon intensity or other such characteristics. Again, when the energy-related trade measures violate WTO rules, the various exceptions and exemptions under the WTO covered agreements also play a central role. Although the growing body of WTO jurisprudence has addressed the inherent inadequacies of the rules in meeting the challenges of energy security, there are several areas where significant improvements in existing provisions and separate or new disciplines may be necessary. This chapter while examining the interaction between WTO rules and energy security also seeks to identify the specific issues in the Chairman’s texts in different areas of Doha Round negotiations, which have a direct bearing on trade in energy products.