Pluralism of the “European Republic” and the Responsibility of Constitutional Courts. Autocratizing tendencies, in 2025 visible in Central Europe, undermine constitutional pluralism as an approach to the functioning of law in the European Union which was popular especially in the years following its 2004 “Eastern enlargement”. Alternative approaches emphasizing the presumed conflict between the supremacy of EU law and “national sovereignty” tend to prevail. This contribution sketches how a shift in emphasis in constitutional pluralism from competences to subjects whose rights are protected in a democracy provides the basis for a new conception of constitutional pluralism that can respond to attempts by autocratizing actors to abuse pluralism for the sake of limiting the accountability of power and undermining fundamental rights guarantees via arbitrary decisions. The contribution presents four advantages of the proposed approach for responding to deficits of democracy: principled, rhetorical, educational, and strategic. Ultimately, this approach stresses the responsibility of constitutional courts, especially in de-democratizing regimes, for protecting fundamental rights.