This chapter attempts to discuss the role of strategic leadership on human capital management by focusing on the mediating effect of organisational culture in the context of the healthcare sector in Ethiopia. As the sector of healthcare organisations becomes more challenged, insight into the dynamics between the leadership structure and human capital becomes imperative. A sample size of 394 healthcare professionals was used in this study to collect data using structured questionnaires. The findings show that strategic leadership has an important influence on human capital management, where organisational culture plays its part as a key mediator in this relationship. This mediating effect adheres to the significance of encouraging a cultural game plan to attain the most out of strategic leadership initiatives. The chapter concludes with practical implications to healthcare management in Ethiopia, such as the need for focused leadership development programmes and culture improvement through human capital management initiatives for a better use of human capital.