This chapter provides a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted challenge of digital exclusion in the 21st century. Moving beyond simplistic notions of the “digital divide” as mere access to hardware and connectivity, it explores digital exclusion as a complex, systemic issue interwoven with socioeconomic status, geography, education, age, disability, and structural inequities. The analysis argues that digital exclusion is not a peripheral concern but a central barrier to social participation, economic opportunity, healthcare, education, and democratic engagement. The chapter then pivots to the concept and practice of inclusive innovation—the active design, development, and deployment of technologies with and for marginalized communities. It critically assesses current interventions and proposes a holistic framework for solutions, encompassing infrastructure policy, affordability programs, human-centric digital skills development, and participatory design methodologies.