This study examines the mediating effect of responsible production in the context of the nexus between green supply chain initiatives and sustainable consumption as it relates to the Tanzanian circular economy structure. Using a quantitative approach, the aim of this research is to set out the mechanisms by which environmentally conscious supply chain operations and ethical manufacturing practices work together to encourage a more sustainable pattern of consumption. By exploring these interlinked aspects, the research offers an understanding of how GSCM and responsible production can help avert the switch towards a circular economy in developing nations in Africa, where there are unique challenges, such as the inadequate infrastructure of waste management and the lack of access to markets, which often hinders progress. Specifically, this research discusses how green innovation, circular economy capabilities, and conducive government policies can boost the effectiveness of these nexuses. The findings help to ensure sustainable consumption within a circular economy model in Tanzania.