The environment is essential to all living organisms, providing critical resources, including food, water, and air. However, human activities often lead to direct and indirect adverse effects on the environment, primarily due to the release of micro- and macro-pollutants. Macro pollutants, which include solid materials and gaseous and liquid substances, are easily detectable by the human senses. In contrast, the micro-pollutants are challenging to detect due to their tiny size. The micro-pollutants, also known as “emerging contaminants,” are released from various sources, such as spraying pesticides, dumping and burning expired drugs in the ground, and hospital wastewater discharge into the water bodies. Such pollutants have a significant impact on health and well-being. Among these, antibiotics, extensively used in healthcare systems, emerge as important contributors to micro-pollutants. The current handling of antibiotics causes deadly environmental effects and is responsible for antimicrobial resistance to microorganisms. Our chapter investigates environmental pollution and emerging contaminants, mechanisms, factors, surveillance, implications of antimicrobial resistance on the environment and public health, and pathways of developing antimicrobial resistance that pose a grave environmental threat. It also gives a comprehensive idea about the sources, occurrence, transport, detection, remediation, and ecotoxicity of antibiotics.