In the context of global climate change and resource constraints, the sustainability of supply chain management has attracted widespread attention across various sectors. This special issue highlights the cutting-edge applications of operations research methods in sustainable supply chain management, particularly within the contexts of digitalization, low-carbon initiatives, and the circular economy. It showcases advances in supply chain resilience modeling enabled by blockchain and machine learning, low-carbon closed-loop game theory, green investment and subsidy strategies, AI-driven low-carbon transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, and risk mitigation and performance evaluation of circular supply chains. These studies not only extend the theoretical boundaries of supply chain management amid digitalization and the circular economy but also provide practitioners with actionable decision-making tools. Future research should emphasize the integration of interdisciplinary approaches, multi-agent collaborative modeling, and the combination of AI with system dynamics to foster balanced and sustainable development of supply chains across environmental, economic, and social dimensions. Consequently, this special issue establishes a solid foundation for operations research addressing climate change and efficient resource utilization in supply chains.