The ecological and social challenges associated with renewable energy technologies necessitate a critical reassessment of the green transition. Addressing these issues requires stronger policy interventions, ethical supply chain practices, and sustainable material management. A more just and equitable approach to green technology development must incorporate interdisciplinary solutions that balance economic interests with ecological and social well-being.This chapter critically examines the environmental damage and social injustices embedded in the supply chains of rare earth minerals and other critical materials essential for green technology. The analysis extends to trade disputes and waste accumulation, arguing that the current market-driven approach to renewable energy exacerbates global inequalities. The chapter concludes by exploring circular economy models and regulatory frameworks that could mitigate these negative consequences.