Pandemics have historically demonstrated their profound impact on global health, economies, and social structures, as evidenced by the Spanish Flu, HIV/AIDS, and the recent COVID-19 crisis. The urgency for innovative solutions to predict, prevent, and manage pandemics has never been greater. This article explores the transformative potential of two cutting-edge technologies—artificial intelligence (AI) and nanotechnology—in revolutionizing global health and pandemic preparedness. AI’s capability to analyze vast datasets, identify patterns, and simulate disease progression provides critical insights for early detection, resource allocation, and decision-making. AI-enhanced epidemiological surveillance, automated contact tracing, and predictive modeling significantly improve our ability to respond swiftly and effectively to emerging threats. Simultaneously, nanotechnology offers groundbreaking advancements in diagnostics, drug delivery, and vaccine development. By manipulating matter at the molecular and atomic levels, nanotechnology enhances the precision and speed of diagnostic procedures, enabling early detection of pathogens. Nanomaterials and nanosensors facilitate targeted drug delivery, minimizing side effects and increasing treatment efficacy. Moreover, nanotechnology’s role in developing potent vaccines and innovative diagnostic tools is crucial in managing infectious diseases. The integration of AI and nanotechnology promises a synergistic approach, resulting in intelligent nanodevices capable of detecting pathogens and administering treatments precisely. This fusion not only enhances disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment but also provides comprehensive insights into disease patterns, enabling proactive measures for future outbreak prevention. By leveraging the strengths of both technologies, we can build a resilient and adaptive healthcare infrastructure, ensuring global health security in the face of emerging threats. This article reviews the latest advancements in AI and nanotechnology, examines their applications in pandemic preparedness, and discusses the socioeconomic, ethical, and regulatory implications. It underscores the importance of international cooperation and equitable access to these technologies, aiming to improve global health outcomes and reduce the burden on healthcare systems. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.