While India and China employ various methods to take land for development, land acquisition remains the primary strategy to meet the soaring demand driven by rapid economic growth. In contrast, other land development techniques that do not involve acquisition are often overlooked in academic discourse. This paper proposes a theoretical typology of land development models based on two metrics-participation and benefit-sharing, resulting in four distinct models. It compares their characteristics, socioeconomic effects, and favourable conditions, revealing that no single model is perfect—each has its strengths and limitations. Consequently, embracing a more diverse approach to land development, beyond compulsory state-led acquisition, may better align with the evolving local contexts in both countries.