This study examined the current state and prospects of waste management and circular economy practices in ten Balkan countries. A cross-sectional design was applied, using structured surveys among households and waste management authorities, along with national reports and policy documents. Descriptive and comparative analyses revealed notable differences in performance across the region. Slovenia and Croatia demonstrated the most advanced systems, with higher rates of recycling, effective collection processes, and greater public awareness of sustainability principles. In contrast, Albania and Kosovo reported considerably lower recycling rates and less developed waste management infrastructure. The findings indicated a significant positive relationship between awareness of circular economy principles and recycling behaviours. The study also highlighted the importance of structured policies, stable funding, and regional cooperation in promoting sustainable practices and improving outcomes. Based on the results, there is a clear need for targeted public education campaigns, coordinated policy development, and the adoption of modern technologies to improve waste management across the Balkans. These measures will help bridge existing gaps between countries and support the transition to a more integrated and sustainable circular economy that benefits the environment and society as a whole.