On June 21, 2025, the United States conducted targeted airstrikes on nuclear facilities in Iran, including the Natanz and Arak sites. According to media reports, stealth B-2 bombers deployed bunker-busting munitions designed to cripple uranium enrichment infrastructure. U.S. and Israeli officials cited national security and non-proliferation concerns, while world leaders expressed deep unease. The United Nations Secretary-General described the attacks as “a dangerous escalation,” warning of “a potential breach of international peace.” Yet, history suggests this is not unprecedented. The normalization of such strikes despite the catastrophic potential of radioactive fallout is rooted in a longstanding loophole in international law.