In recent years, India has increasingly adopted artificial intelligence (AI) surveillance tools. This includes facial recognition cameras at railway stations and predictive policing software in city police departments. The country’s technological ambitions clash with the constitutional rights to privacy, dignity, and freedom. Supporters say that AI improves efficiency and security. However, expanding surveillance infrastructure without strong legal protections poses serious risks to human rights in a nation already facing problems of discrimination, lack of transparency, and poorly regulated law enforcement.