This chapter deals with the concept of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in India and Canada. It scrutinizes the effectiveness of EIA regulatory frameworks in both the countries on the touchstone of extent of public participation, engagement with indigenous communities, and the integration of healthcare aspects. The analysis reveals a nuanced landscape wherein Canada serves as a model for comprehensive and well-structured EIA practices, whereas India grapples with challenges in implementation and enforcement. Canada excels in inclusivity by actively involving the public and indigenous communities in decision-making processes. In contrast, India faces hurdles in achieving meaningful public participation particularly in marginalized communities. The study emphasizes the need for contextualization in EIA frameworks and raises questions about improving public engagement and healthcare integration globally