As BRICS expands its membership, the global geopolitical and economic landscape is complex and cannot be viewed from simplistic binaries or prisms. At the same time, it is important not to lose sight of certain geopolitical realities. Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Ethiopia formally entered the BRICS+ grouping on January 1, 2024. The five countries had been invited to join BRICS in the 15th BRICS Summit held at Johannesburg in August 2023. Argentina had also been invited to join the organisation, but the country’s new President Javier Milei reversed his predecessor’s decision