Constitutions are often linked with ideas of constitutionalism-the rule of law applied to both people and government officers, judicial independence, and existence of basic human rights. Sunstein's article, moreover, assumes that a "constitution" is a kind of basic law more deeply entrenched-that is, more difficult to change than other forms of law. Many countries which have adopted written constitutions, however, do not have much in the way of "constitutionalism" in the senses described above. Why are constitutions adopted if not to promote constitutionalism?