India’s foreign policy approach to peace and conflict resolution has been shaped by the interplay of ancient philosophical traditions, civilizational ethos, Gandhian thought, and contemporary diplomatic practices. This chapter examines the intellectual and diplomatic foundations of this approach across four interconnected dimensions: India’s ancient and pre-independence historical legacy; its post-independence practice of modern diplomacy; its multidimensional contributions to the United Nations; and its emerging role as a leading voice of the Global South. By linking India’s civilizational heritage with the principles of peaceful coexistence, non-violence, multilateralism, dialogue, and strategic autonomy, the chapter highlights both continuity and change in India’s peace-oriented foreign policy. It further underscores the contemporary relevance of this tradition in an evolving international order marked by shifting power dynamics, complex conflicts, and renewed debates on global governance.