Parental Psychological Control in Hong Kong and India: Cross-Cultural Validation and Profiles

Xie, Xuying, Singh, Sanchita ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-9753, Cui, Liechuan, Luo, Xiaohong and Zhu, Xiaoqin (2026) Parental Psychological Control in Hong Kong and India: Cross-Cultural Validation and Profiles. Research on Social Work Practice. SAGE Publications Inc. . ISSN 1049-7315 (In Press) Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315261487122

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Abstract

Purpose
The study aimed to examine the cross-cultural validity of the Parental Psychological Control Scale (PPCS) and identify different profiles of maternal–paternal parental psychological control (PPC) patterns among adolescents in Hong Kong and India.

Method
Participants were 1,227 secondary school adolescents from Hong Kong ( M age = 13.67; 47.9% male) and 1,087 from India ( M age = 15.16; 43.7% male).

Results
Confirmatory factor analyses supported the three-dimensional structure of the maternal and paternal subscales of the PPCS and scalar measurement invariance across the two regions. Latent profile analyses identified four maternal–paternal PPC profiles in each region, with both similarities and variations across contexts. Adolescents in the profiles characterized by higher PPC generally showed poorer adjustment, including lower life satisfaction, greater loneliness, and higher problematic social networking use.

Discussion
These findings can inform social work assessment, case formulation, and the design of culturally responsive parenting and family support services for adolescents in Asian contexts.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Adolescence | Cross-cultural | Latent profile | Parental psychological control | Validation
Subjects: Social Sciences and humanities > Psychology > Social Psychology
Social Sciences and humanities > Psychology > General Psychology
Depositing User: Mr. Syed Anas Ali
Date Deposited: 22 Sep 2026 05:00
Last Modified: 24 Sep 2026 05:49
Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315261487122
Funders: Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
URI: https://pure.jgu.edu.in/id/eprint/12637

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