This chapter explores the evolving legal and policy framework for corporate environmental accountability, a multidimensional concept requiring businesses to take responsibility for their ecological and social impacts throughout their entire life cycles. By employing a doctrinal research methodology, the study analyzes the transition from voluntary ethical obligations to enforceable legal instruments. It distinguishes between responsibility, accountability, and liability, highlighting how international standards like the UN Guiding Principles and the Paris Agreement are shaping corporate governance. The research evaluates the effectiveness of various policy tools, including mandatory due diligence, sustainability reporting frameworks (GRI, TCFD), and market-based mechanisms like the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. Despite challenges such as greenwashing and jurisdictional inconsistencies, the chapter argues for a harmonized global approach that integrates transparency, technological innovation, and robust stakeholder engagement to foster a culture of genuine environmental stewardship.