Under the World Anti-Doping Code (the Code) of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), athletes (and other persons) are strictly liable for violations of Articles 2.1 (presence of a prohibited substance) and 2.2 (use or attempted use of a prohibited substance/method) of the Code. Where an athlete has committed an anti-doping rule violation, they are likely to be sanctioned pursuant to Article 10 of the Code. For violations of Articles 2.1 and 2.2 of the Code, the starting point is a period of ineligibility of four years if the violation was intentional (Article 10.2.1) and two years if the violation was not intentional (Article 10.2.2). If the violation was not intentional, the athlete is also given the opportunity, if they can prove that there was no fault or negligence (Article 10.5) or no significant fault or negligence (Article 10.6), to have this period of ineligibility reduced or, in some – rare – circumstances, eliminated. Since 2015, it has also been possible for athletes (regardless of intentionality) to have their starting point sanctions eliminated, reduced, or suspended if they are considered to have rendered substantial assistance in discovering or establishing Code violations (Article 10.7.1) or if they were prompt in admitting a Code rule violation (Articles 10.7.2 and 10.8.1).