This chapter explores the development of micro-credentials and modular learning as innovative solutions to these changes. It uses recent empirical studies and theories to examine how short-term, competency-based qualifications are transforming conventional career trajectories and lifelong learning. The chapter examines the structural features of micro-credentials, their fit to workforce needs, and how they are incorporated into national and institutional quality-assurance systems. It also questions the question of equity, stackability, and digital recognition via blockchain-verified credentials. The contribution of platform economies and international edtech vendors to the democratisation of access is critically evaluated, as well as the pedagogical issues of modular course design. The chapter ends with a strategic agenda of policymakers, institutions, and learners to navigate a more fragmented and at the same time more interconnected credentialing ecosystem.