In September 2024, the Government suspended around thirty arms export licences to Israel, having found a clear risk that United Kingdom equipment might be used to commit serious violations of international humanitarian law. It exempted one category, creating a carve-out for components made in the United Kingdom for the F-35 combat aircraft, which continued to reach Israel through the global spares pool. When that carve-out was challenged, the Divisional Court in R (Al-Haq) v Secretary of State for Business and Trade (30 June 2025) accepted that the clear-risk finding was, in the Foreign Secretary’s own view, the only conclusion available to him at [36]. It nonetheless held that whether the continued supply complied with the United Kingdom’s international obligations was not a question a domestic court could decide.